Computer
networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data
and share resources with each other. These networked devices use a system of
rules, called communications protocols, to transmit information over physical
or wireless technologies.
Process
of Computer Networking
Nodes
and links are the basic building blocks in computer networking. A network node
may be data communication equipment (DCE) such as a modem, hub or, switch, or
data terminal equipment (DTE) such as two or more computers and printers. A
link refers to the transmission media connecting two nodes. Links may be
physical, like cable wires or optical fibers, or free space used by wireless
networks. In a working computer network, nodes follow a set of rules or protocols
that define how to send and receive electronic data via the links. The computer
network architecture defines the design of these physical and logical
components. It provides the specifications for the network’s physical
components, functional organization, protocols and procedures.
What
do computer networks do
Computer
networks were first created in the late 1950s for use in the military and
defense. They were initially used to transmit data over telephone lines and had
limited commercial and scientific applications. With the advent of internet
technologies, a computer network has become indispensable for enterprises. Modern-day
network solutions deliver more than connectivity. They are critical for the
digital transformation and success of businesses today. Underlying network
capabilities have become more programmable, automated and secure.
Modern computer networks can:
Operate virtually
The
underlying physical network infrastructure can be logically partitioned to
create multiple "overlay" networks. In an overlay computer network,
the nodes are virtually linked, and data can be transmitted between them
through multiple physical paths. For example, many enterprise networks are
overlaid on the internet.
Integrate on a large scale
Modern
networking services connect physically distributed computer networks. These
services can optimize network functions through automation and monitoring to
create one large-scale, high-performance network. Network services can be
scaled up or down based on demand.
Respond quickly to changing
conditions
Many
computer networks are software-defined. Traffic can be routed and controlled
centrally using a digital interface. These computer networks support virtual
traffic management.
Provide data security
All
networking solutions come with in-built security features like encryption and
access control. Third-party solutions like antivirus software, firewalls, and
antimalware can be integrated to make the network more secure.
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